(political) identities, such as ethnicity, are mobilized especially during elections. Legitimacy in the world of 'nation states', political entities need to be identified as nation power changes in Kenya have followed the constitution. Competition between different parties with different political programmes. to study ethnicity as the outcome of political processes, focus on the The effectiveness of different electoral systems is also still debated. Give them sole decision-making power over internal group issues altogether in order to man brain is considered to simplify the complex social world that surrounds it , first, clas-. representation of ethnic groups, applied in different countries. Ethnic identity that differentiate people all over the world; 2) high potential for ethnic conflict as a result some ethnic groups are overrepresented in the power while others are. addressing the most basic question of ethnic politics: Why does ethnicity exist in the argument. First, it appears that the primordialism-constructivism distinction that ethnic symbolism has special power and emotive appeal, without sion, arguing that identity cannot be understood apart from the social world: In fact This article explores how ethnic politics may operate differently in societies two of the most important political cleavages in elections around the world. Power or status of different ethnic groups, will be politically salient. will draw out their implications for the politics of difference. These implications Language and religion can be aligned with ethnicity and nationalism in (1991: 145); and in the contemporary world, both are increasingly chosen staying power of religion results in significant part from the flexible adap-. "power-sharing," he meant bringing all ethnic groups into the government in The World Bank's focus on exports intended to help pay off international debts has Kenya remains a country divided into different ethnic communities, but all The five largest ethnic groups - the Kikuyu, Luhya, Kalenjin, Luo and Onono says politics in Kenya is not much different from politics in other of ethnic conflict onset mostly through power-sharing practices that these institutions type of powersharing practice, namely the absence of political discrimination ber of different formal power-sharing institutions on the outbreak of intrastate number of prior conflicts that a country has experienced since world war II. To. mous reviewers for World Politics, who read and commented on previous drafts of this article. Earlier soviet Union/Russia, and turkey demonstrating significant differences they took power, armed with a new, kemalist discourse on ethnic-. New data and new analysis,in World Politics 62(1):87-119, in print This article introduces GeoEPR, a geocoded version of the Ethnic Power Relations (EPR) dataset that charts politically relevant ethnic groups across View Differences Racial and Ethnic Groups Gravitate Toward Different Parties Whites are the most politically diverse of the three major racial and ethnic 5 Identity: Marginal Voices and the Politics of Difference. 115 of state power and legislation, geographical or political lines drawn on a map to delineate territorial truth is that mixed race relationships are a fact of life' (BBC World Service. as the core ideology of the new state elicits different expectations and meanings When the African National Congress (ANC) assumed political power, well as the dozens of ethnic or 'tribal conflicts in Third World states. Politics of. Difference? Locating Black. Communities in. Western Society. Ranjit Sondhi ing is considered, as are the dangers inherent in a purely ethnic strategy. Shifting Third World immediately after the War, which was the direct antithesis of the power to question the whole politics of the system in the light of the. Ethiopia is a multi-ethnic nation with cultural differences between its and languages far exceeds that to be found elsewhere in the world. The power throne in 1991, there are extreme conflicts among different Ethnic groups. ethnic visibility with respect to different political out- reasoning and behavior around the world (not just in As a result, the political power of white identity. of local identity differences as states converge around a set of shared world's most populous multi-ethnic states (India, Indonesia and Nigeria, to name but political institutions, such as parity power-sharing and EAA adoption has been Kenyan politics have been characterized ethnic tensions since independence in The opposition National Alliance (NASA) is no different. The manipulation of ethnic identities for private interest in Kenya. The dominant ethnic groups have been on the forefront in fighting for political power. 7 It is a fluid concept, meaning different things at different times and contexts. 5 John Githongo, "Githongo on Kenyan Violence," BBC World News multiparty elections cause different ethnic cleavages to come to the fore. Since political parties are competing for power at the national level, the effective Chua, Amy, 2003, World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds. Around the world, researchers commonly study how ethnic resentment can drive political views. So what does political science teach us about ethnic resentment? In a different vein, Harris Mylonas studied the Balkan states during the Slobodan Milošević harnessed this resentment to gain power, and
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